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Cats meow primarily to communicate with humans. Unlike other animals, cats typically don't meow at each other once they're adults, but they do use meowing as a way to get attention from their owners. Here are some reasons why cats meow:

Attention: Cats meow when they want attention, whether it’s for petting, play, or just to interact with you. They might want you to notice them or give them affection.

Hunger or Thirst: A cat might meow when they’re hungry or thirsty, trying to tell you it’s time for a meal or they need a fresh bowl of water.

Discomfort or Pain: If a cat is in pain or feeling unwell, they might meow to express their discomfort. If the meowing seems unusual or persistent, it's a good idea to check for signs of illness.

Loneliness or Boredom: Cats, especially those that are left alone for long periods, might meow because they’re lonely or bored and want company or stimulation.

Greeting or Bonding: Cats often meow as a way to greet their owners when they come home, signaling that they’re happy to see them.

Stress or Anxiety: Changes in their environment or routine, like moving to a new home or a new person entering the household, can cause stress and lead to more vocalization.